With World War II far from over, the 2 millionth M1 Garand Rifle manufactured at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory was crafted some eight decades ago.
The below image, from January 1944, shows U.S. Army Col. George A. Woody observing Mr. Norbert R. Bonneville, who is inspecting U.S. Rifle M1 .30 caliber, Springfield Armory SN# 2000000. On the table is a framed portrait of Jean Cantius Garand, better known as John C. Garand, the designer of the rifle whose action he patented in 1932 after a decade of development.
At this point in the war, Eisenhower was busy planning the liberation of German-occupied France by landing Allied troops along the Normandy Coast when the weather broke in June, while in the Pacific the liberation of the Japanese-occupied Philippines was being planned by MacArthur along a similar timeline.
For a deeper dive into the above photo, Col. Woody was the superintendent of Springfield Armory from Aug. 1943 to Aug. 1944, and his sought-after "G.A.W." inspector stamp appears on correct M1 Garands made at the armory during that period. Sadly, the photo is one of the last of the colonel. Woody, a career Army Ordnance officer, and Aggie (Class of '17), became ill in the summer of 1944 and was relieved at the armory by Brig. Gen. Norman F. Ramsey in October. Woody, suffering from a rare liver disease, spent his remaining days in Walter Reed Hospital where he passed away in November. He is buried at Arlington.
As for the younger man in the photo, Norbert Bonneville, who at the time lived in South Hadley, Massachusetts, was working the overnight "MacArthur" shift at the armory when the 2 millionth Springfield M1 receiver came down the line and the operator of an automatic numbering machine had the honor of stamping the serial at 2 a.m. "to the cheers of assembled workers who gathered to witness a historic event," as chronicled by the New England Minute Man.
As further described by the Minute Man:
Final assembly into a completed weapon came later. In the stocking shop selection was made of a piece of walnut with a particularly fine grain. In finishing the stock, master craftsman at the armory lavished upon it all their skill. When the rifle was assembled, they put on a polish with the luster of an opal. A walnut mount was made for the gun and it was placed in the office of the commanding officer, later to be removed to the Springfield Armory museum to take its honored place with other historic arms that have been manufactured through the years.
Presented to Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Hayes after the war in 1946, it eventually made its way back to the Springfield Armory Museum where it remains today as catalog # SPAR 913. The Armory's collection also contains several other key serial numbered guns, including SN# 1 manufactured in 1937, and SN# 100000, completed in December 1940 at a cost of $67.09.
But what about Springfield SN# 1000000? That one, completed in November 1942, was put back in storage until Mr. Garand retired in 1953 and was presented to him as a gift. It made it back to the museum on loan in 1994 and was later sold by its owner at auction in 2018 for $287,000.
In all, Springfield Armory manufactured over 3 million Garands through 1945 when WWII ended and, as noted by firearms historian Scott Duff, its production peaked in January 1944 – the period the 2 millionth gun was made – "with 122,001 M1s produced that month. This translated to 3,936 rifles per day or 164 rifles per hour."
Springfield was the last government armory in the Garand-making business, and their final M1 .30-caliber rifles came off the line in May 1957, at which point it had been replaced in front-line service by the M14 rifle. By then, the serial number range was in the region of 6,099,905.
A graying and smiling Mr. Garand, then several years in retirement, was on hand for that moment as well.
